TOEIC Speaking Unit 18 Part 4

Q7: What type of rooms did Mr.Tom Doe book?


Mr. Tom Doe booked two type of rooms.
One is Super Room and The other is Twin Room


Mr. Tom Doe had two reservations for a super room and a twin room respectively.














Q8: Who made reservations through Global Traveling?


Mr.John Nellson made reservations throgh Global Traveling.
He booked Super room. The Total Price is $280.


Mr. John Nellson booked a super room through Global Travelling.




















Q9: Could you tell me about the reservations Mr. Larry King made?


Sure. I give you the information about Mr. Larry King made.
First, He booked two type of rooms.
One is Deluxe Room and the other is Queen Room.
Second, The Total Price of Deluxe Room is $350. and Queen Room is $910.
Third, His arrival date is 22nd Jan. and Depature date is 25th Jan.


Of course. Mr Larry king made two reservation for a deluxe room and a queen room respectively  throughout Booking.com.
The deluxe room is booked for 4 days.
In total costs is $890.
And the queen room is booked for 4 days, too.
The total cost is $910.
He has not paid any deposit for these bookings yet.

TOEIC Speaking Unit 17 Part 3

Q4: Would you ever consider getting a tattoo? why or why not?


No, I wouldn't consider getting a tattoo. Because I like natural body without artificial tattoo.


WOW! No! I would never think about getting a tattoo.
I think they are ugly and show other people you are a gangster or a criminal or something.
No, I would never consider getting a tattoo.




Q5: If you wanted to get a tattoo or piercing in your country, where would you go?


If i wanted to get a tattoo or piercing in my country, I would go to the tattoo or piercing shops.
There are so many shops in my areas so whenever i want to get a tattoo or piercing it is easy to get those things.


I don not know. I got my ears pierced, butthat was when I was at college.
It was at a nail shop I remember, with some of my friends.
I have no idea where to get a tattoo; I never tried.






Q6: Is it ok for men to dye their hair and wear earrings? Why or why not?


In my opinion, it is ok for men to dye their hair and wear earrings. Because it seems to be sophisticated and cool. Also, it is one of the ways to highlight their pleasing impression.


I am not sure. These days a lot of younger men wear earrings, which I guess is ok.
I think it is fashionable for them so, yes, men wearing earrings is ok.
If a man colors his hair it looks strange sometimes, I think.
I mean, a lot of older men, and women actually, dye their hair to cover up gray hairs.
I think that is ok, it is just their choice.
But some younger men, maybe during their university years, they dye their hair all sorts of crazy colors, like bright red, or blue.
It looks really strange to me, but I suppose it is just their way of expressing their individuality.













Q4: Tell me about an item that is valuable to you.
Q5: Why is this type of item valuable to you?
Q6: Explain the reasons people get attached to their things.

TOEIC Speaking Unit 16 Part 1~2

Part 1 생략
Part 2
Q3: 그림 설명
Answer:
I think this picture was taken on an icy mountain.
I can see a mountain climber in the middle of this picture.
He is wearing mountain climbing gear in a notable red color.
He is definitely wearing a safety hat on his head and holding the poles in both hands.
He is walking towards some particular direction, so I can see his face.
He has a white beard and his mouth is opended.
He seems to be pulling a sled.
In the backfround of the picture, I can see many stones covered with snow.
Judging by the snow, it seems to be the middle of winter.

TOEIC Speaking Unit 15 Part 6

Q11: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?:
"People should be required to retire when they turn 60." Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion.


Answer:
There are two reasons why I think that people should not be required to retire at age 60.




First, if we make peop,le retire at 60, we are taking away their freedom to work.
We cannot do this in a democracy.
If we do this, then next time, some night decide to lower the retirement age to 50 or 40.




In addition, I believe that the oldest people in our society are often the wisest.
Sure, older people might not have as much technical knowledge as young people today,
but workers over 60 can surely teach young people about correct social practices and manners in the business world.




For these reasons, I disagree with anyone who says that we should make workers retire at age 60.

TOEIC Speaking Unit 14 Part 5

Q10:
Hello, it's Jakie Grant here. You're expecting me for an interview at 1 pm tomorrow afternoon.
The reason I'm calling is to tell you that I won't be able to make that time after all.
Unfortunately, my father was rushed to the hospital last night.
He's been sick for a while now so we are all really worried about him.
I'm flying back to Chicago tonight to be with him and my mother.
I hope you can understand.
Is there any way we can reschedule the interview for some time next week?


Answer:
Hello, this is smith returning your message.
First of all, I am so sorry about your father is sick and he is in the hospital.
I hope that he will be fine soon. so, you are in chicago now and then the interview should be rescheduled.
Don't worry about the interview, just take care of your father and mother.
I will do reschedule the interview when you come back to here.
When you have a time to call me, just let me know and we will talk later.
Hope to everything's will be alright.

TOEIC Speaking Unit 13 Part 4

Q7: Where and when does the event take place?


The event take place at Hot Park and begins July 9th.
It will be held on Every Saturdays in July and August.


It will be held at Hot Park on Saturdays in July and August.






Q8: As far as I remember, I don't need to book in advance, is that right?


Yes, you are right. It is Free summer movie series, you just bring your own lawn chairs and blankets


Yes, it is free and available for everyone. You are just asked to bring your own lawn chairs and blankets.








Q9: Could you tell me more about movies showing in July?


Sure, I will give you the schedule in July.
There are three movies. The first movie is Kung Fu Panda on Saturday July 9th at 8:30 PM
The second movie is The Goonies on Saturday July 23rd at 8:30 PM
And Megamind is the last one on Saturday July 30th at 8:30 PM


There are 3 movies showing in July.
The first movie you can enjoy is 'kung fu panda' on the 9th  at 8:30 pm.
'The Goonies' is the second movie showing on the 23rd at 8:30 pm.
The last movie is 'Megamind'. It shows on the 30th of the month at 8:30 pm.

[WR TASK2] #160 Many newspapers and magazines feature stories about the private lives of famous people.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Many newspapers and magazines feature stories about the private lives of famous people. We know what they eat, where they buy their clothes and who they love. We also often see pictures of them in private situations.

Is it appropriate for a magazine or newspaper to give this kind of private information about people?

Give reasons for your answer.

Write at least 250 words.

Writing Tip

Structuring an essay is an important part of writing for IELTS. For a Task 2 essay, use a standard essay structure consisting of separate paragraphs: an introduction (one paragraph), followed by the main body of the essay (two or three paragraphs), then a conclusion (one paragraph).

There are various connectors that are typically used for conclusions. The first one on the list is the most unimaginative, and it is better to think of a more interesting one if you can.

In conclusion, finally, therefore, consequently, clearly, it is clear, on the whole, in other words, generally speaking

You cannot score above Band 5 if you do not use any paragraph. You cannot score above Band 6 if your paragraphs do not have a clear central topic.

Model answer

Generally, people read newspapers to find out about world current affairs and they read magazines to be entertained. Therefore, one would expect to find articles that feature the private lives of famous people in magazines rather than newspapers. However, nowadays, more and more newspapers include stories like these which are neither informative nor useful.

In my opinion, this type of gossip about people's private lives should not be in newspapers for several reasons. Firstly, for example, the fact that Princess Diana is going out with a sportsman is not important news. Secondly, if newspapers want to publish articles about famous people they should focus on their public events and achievements. In other words, if there is an article about Princess Diana it should be about her works of charity, which will increase public awareness of important problems. In addition, journalists should make sure that they write about the facts only, not rumours. One should be able to rely on newspapers for the actual truth.

Magazines, on the other hand, focus on social news. But I feel it is more acceptable for them to contain some features about famous personalities. In addition to being popular reading, these stories often benefit the stars by giving free publicity to them, thereby helping their careers. However, I also believe that magazine stories should not mention things that are too embarrassing or untrue just to attract people to buy the magazine. Sensational stories, such as these, cause great unhappiness to the people concerned.

In conclusion, I think newspapers should concentrate on real news but magazines can feature some articles on people's private lives.

(268 words)

[WR TASK2] #159 Some people feel that certain workers like nurses, doctors and teachers are undervalued and should be paid more, especially when other people like film actors or company bosses are paid huge sums of money that are out of proportion to the importance of the work that they do.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people feel that certain workers like nurses, doctors and teachers are undervalued and should be paid more, especially when other people like film actors or company bosses are paid huge sums of money that are out of proportion to the importance of the work that they do.

-How far do you agree?
-What criteria should be used to decide how much people are paid?

You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

Write at least 250 words.

IELTS Tips

1) It is essential that you plan your essay before actually beginning to write your answer. Some students may want to begin writing immediately as they are afraid that they will run out of time. This will not allow them to produce a well-organised essay.

2) There is more weight to Task 2 when calculating your overall writing score, so time management is important.

3) You should introduce the issue in your introduction, but avoid copying directly from the prompt. Rather, you should paraphrase the question using your own words.

4) If you write less than 250 words for Task 2, you will be penalized in the Task Response criteria.

Model answer

Nobody can deny that there are certain professionals like nurses, doctors and teachers who are essential to the fabric of society, and who should therefore be rewarded accordingly. However, this is seldom the case. When we look at the salaries and fees commanded by certain film stars and actresses and people who run large companies, this does not seem fair.

First of all, not all film stars earn huge sums of money. In fact, at any one time in the UK, for example, roughly 80 per cent of actors are out of work and on top of that the number who are paid so-called ‘telephone number fees’ is even smaller. One must also remember that the career of many actors is very short and that therefore the money they earn has to be spread over many years. The same applies to company bosses.

Stating a set of criteria as to how much people should be paid is not easy. The idea of performance-related pay is very much in vogue at the moment. Rewarding people according to qualifications has long been used as a yardstick for paying people, but it is not a consistently good measure. Another is years of relevant experience, but there are many cases where a younger person can perform a task better than someone with lots of experience.

Whatever criteria are used to assess salaries, an on-going cycle will develop. This will create pressure in other areas. This considered, generally I feel that certain key professionals should have their salaries assessed by independent review bodies on an on-going basis so that they do not fall behind.

(269 words)

[WR TASK2] #158 Some people consider computers to be more of a hindrance than a help. Others believe that they have greatly increased human potential.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people consider computers to be more of a hindrance than a help. Others believe that they have greatly increased human potential.

How could computers be considered a hindrance?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model answer

Look at the words or phrases in capitals. Correct your version where necessary.

It is easy to understand why some people believe that computers are more of a hindrance than a help. Operations such as obtaining a refund or changing a ticket tend to be fairly straightforward without the aid of a computer, yet once one is involved, the process can become time-consuming, complex and prone to errors. In an office environment, it can sometimes seem that for every hour saved by computers, at least set of problems caused by a system malfunction.

Another consideration is that, over-enthusiastic use of computers in the home has the potential to divert large amounts of free time away from activities such as socialising, tasking exercise or having dinner with your family. Spending a lot of leisure time looking at a computer monitor screen could perhaps achieving other goals in life, such as being healthy and socially integrated.

However, it would be simplistic to assert that computers have a generally negative impact. There have been enormous advences in communications, medicine, design, education and numerous fields of human endeavour. Nowadays, virtually the entire sum of human knowledge is as far away as the nearest internet point. Computers have brought about a profound change in the way most people in the developed world live. (Although it should not be forgotten that the majority of the inhabitants of this planet have never so much as touched a computer keyboard.)

The benefits of computers undoubtedly outweigh the disadventages. The question is not whether computers help or hinder, but whether people always use their huge potential in a sensible and responsible way?

[WR TASK2] #157 Modern lifestyles mean that many parents have little time for their children.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Modern lifestyles mean that many parents have little time for their children. Many children suffer because they do not get as much attention from their parents as children did in the past.

Do you agree or disagree?

Write at least 250 words.

Writing Tip

In IELTS Writing Task 2, you might be asked to read a statement and state whether you agree or disagree with the opinion. Of course, you may only partly agree with it. You must explain your point of view and give reasons for it.

Model answer

Look at the words or phrases in capitals. Choose the word or phrase which sounds more formal. Rewrite the final paragraph in a more formal style.

People who ARGUE that nowadays parents give less attention to their children than in the past are FREQUENTLY looking back to a BRIEF period of time in the twentieth century when MOTHERS in middle-class families REMAINED at home to look after their children. What these people are SUGGESTING is that women nowadays should not go out to work.

THE FACT OF THE MATTER IS THAT in THE MAJORITY OF families in the past both parents worked MUCH LONGER HOURS than they do nowadays. What has changed is that now in most countries their children ATTEND school rather than also working themselves. In that sense they may HAVE LESS CONTACT WITH their parents.

Nowadays, as a result of ACQUIRING AN EDUCATION, children come into contact with teachers who NATURALLY have to explain why some of their students are failing. What teachers come up with are FREQUENT stories of parents who are SIMPLY too busy for their CHILDREN. And IF CHILDREN ARE NOT SUPERVISED BY THEIR PARENTS, they will often UNDERPERFORM at school. However, ACADEMIC FAILURE is nothing new even when one or both parents are at home. If children ARE NEGLECTED by their parents, they will suffer.

I guess children probably had more problems in the past when they and their parents had to work non-stop just to get by. These days, the law looks after children and they can go to school, so children have lots more chances than they ever had before.

In my opinion, children probably suffered more in the past when the whole family was obliged to work long hours just to survive. Nowadays children are protected by the law. Moreover access to education means that they have greater opportunities than ever before.

[WR TASK2] #156 In most countries multinational companies and their products are becoming more and more important.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

In most countries multinational companies and their products are becoming more and more important.
This trend is seriously damaging our quality of life.

Do you agree or disagree?

Write at least 250 words.

Writing Tip

In IELTS Writing Task 2, you might want to talk about a common opinion or fact. For example, you might say, Many people say that multinational companies and globalisation are making societies more open. However, if you want to be more formal, it is good to use the structure It + passive + clause: It is said that multinational companies and globalisation are making societies more open.

Verbs which are often used in this way are: say, agree, suppose, know, think, believe, expect, feel, report, estimate

Model answer

The writer has tried to avoid repeating the same words too often in the answer.
Read the sample again and find synonyms or phrases later in the answer with similar meanings to the underlined words.

Multinational companies nowadays find it convenient both to market their goods all over the world and set up production facilities wherever they find it convenient. In my opinion this has had an adverse effect on our quality of life in three main areas.

The first area is their products. Supporters of globalization would argue that multinational companies make high-quality goods available to more people. While this may be true to some extent, it also means that we have less choice of products to consume. When powerful multinational companies invade local markets with their goods, they often are obliged local companies with fewer resources to go out of business. In consequence, we are obliged to buy multinational products whether we like them or not.

This brings me to my second point. It is sometimes said that multinational companies and globalisation are making societies more open. This may be true. However, I would point out that as a result the human race is losing its cultural diversity. If we consumed varied products, societies wherever we live would be more varied. This can be seen by the fact that we all shop in identical multinational supermarkets and buy identical products wherever we live.

Thirdly, defenders of multinational companies often point out that they provide jobs. Although this is undoubtedly true, it also means that we have become more valnurable on them, which in turn makes us more vulnerable to their decisions. When, for example, a multinational decides to move its production facilities to another country, this has an adverse effect on its workers who lose their jobs.

All in all, I believe that if we as voters pressured our governments to make multinational companies more responsible and to protect local producers from outside competition, we could have the benefits of globalisation without its disadvantages.

[WR TASK2] #155 More and more qualified people are moving from poor to rich countries to fill vacancies in specialist areas like engineering, computing and medicine.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

More and more qualified people are moving from poor to rich countries to fill vacancies in specialist areas like engineering, computing and medicine.
Some people believe that by encouraging the movement of such people, rich countries are stealing from poor countries. Others feel that this is only part of the natural movement of workers around the world.

Do you agree or disagree?

Write at least 250 words.

Exam Tip

Writing Task 2 is a discursive essay. You will be given a topic to write about. You should write a plan so that your ideas are organised logically and coherently. Try to use a wide variety of vocabulary and don’t copy words from the question paper. Try not to repeat the same words or ideas. When you have finished, check your spelling and make sure you have written at least 250 words.

Model answer

The so-called ‘brain drain’ from poor to rich countries is now robbing poorer countries of essential personnel like doctors, nurses, engineers, and the trend is set to continue, if not to get worse.

Some people say this movement of people around the world is not a new phenomenon. Migrant workers have always been attracted by the wider choice of employment and greater opportunity in major cities in their own countries and abroad. Recently, as the technological age has advanced and as richer countries find themselves with not enough workers to feed their development, they have had to run to other parts of the world to find the necessary manpower. Many richer European countries, for example, are now trying to attract skilled IT workers from my home country India by offering higher salaries than they could hope to earn at home. With the globalisation of the world economy, many people feel that the process cannot be stopped.

Others, myself included, are of the opinion that measures should be taken to address the problem, by compensating poorer countries financially for the loss of investment in the people they have trained, like doctors and nurses. Admittedly, this may be cumbersome to administer, but an attempt could be made to get it off the ground. Another step, which in part has already begun to happen, is to use the forces of globalization itself. Western countries could encourage people to stay in their own countries by direct investment in projects like computer factories or by sending patients abroad for treatment, as is already happening.

It is obviously difficult to restrict the movement of people around the world and it is probably foolish to try to stop it, but attempts should be made to redress the imbalance.

(291 words)

[WR TASK2] #154 Computers and modems have made it possible for office workers to do much of their work from home instead of working in offices every day.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Computers and modems have made it possible for office workers to do much of their work from home instead of working in offices every day. Working from home should be encouraged as it is good for workers and employers.

Do you agree or disagree?

Write at least 250 words.

Model answer

Read the following sample answer. Complete the answer by filling the gaps with a word or phrase from the box below.

Also	because	The first is that	For Example
Secondly	Finally	In conclusion	since
such as	while	On the other hand
A further point is that

In recent years the vast expansion of information and communications technology has made teleworking much more practical. Although in many cases office workers could be made geographically independent by using modems, faxes and cell phones, few companies or employees take full advantage of this possibility.

There are a number of strong arguments in favor of allowing workers to work from home. Firstly costs for employers would be reduced because businesses would require less office space, which is often situated in the center of large cities. Secondly, worker's lives would be improved in a variety of ways. For example, they would not need to travel to get to work, which would give them more free time.

Also, they could combine their work with their family life, which is a major advantage if they are parents of young children or they have old people to look after. On the other hand, traveling to a centralized workplace also has a number of points in its favor. The first is that many employees would miss the social aspect of work such as seeing colleagues and meeting customers. A further point is that employers would need to be able to trust their workers to work at a high standard and finish their work on time, since supervising teleworkers is even more complicated than supervising workers in the same office.

Finally, working from home might inhibit teamwork and creative work and so perhaps so only really suitable for people doing routine office work.

In conclusion, I believe that while many workers welcome the opportunity to go out to work, others would find the chance to work from home very convenient. Where possible, I think workers should be offered the choice, but not forced to work from home unless they wish to.

Show Answers - Hide Answers

Writing Tip

Be careful with punctuation. You must use a comma after the following words and phrases when they are used at the start of a sentence: Also, Secondly, For example, On the other hand, Finally, However, In my opinion, Similarly, Furthermore, Unfortunately, To summarise, Therefore, To sum up, In conclusion, e.g. In conclusion, I believe that while many workers welcome the opportunity to go out to work, others would find the chance to work from home very convenient. NOT
In conclusion I believe that...

[WR TASK2] #153 Nowadays many students have the opportunity to study for part or all of their courses in foreign countries.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Nowadays many students have the opportunity to study for part or all of their courses in foreign countries.
While studying abroad brings many benefits to individual students, it also has a number of disadvantages.

Do you agree or disagree?

Write at least 250 words.

Which of these things should you include in your answer to this question?
Write YES, NO OR MAYBE next to each question.

1  What problems students may have studying abroad and what is good about it. ....................
2  What countries gain and lose from people going abroad to study. ....................
3  Whether governments should subsidise students’ studies abroad. ....................
4  Your personal experience of studying abroad, or the experience of people you know. ....................
5  What is wrong with your country’s education system. ....................

Show Answers - Hide Answers

Read the following sample answer. Complete the answer by filling the gaps with a word or phrase from the box below.

although	because	finally	firstly
in my opinion	such as	for example	moreover
secondly	furthermore	what is more	therefore
in contrast	due to	on the other hand

In recent years there has been a vast increase in the number of students choosing to study abroad. This is partly because people are more affluent and partly due to the variety of grants and scholarships which are available for overseas students nowadays. Although foreign study is not something which every student would choose, it is an attractive option for many people.

Studying overseas has a number of advantages. Firstly/For example, it may give students access to knowledge and facilities such as laboratories and libraries which are not available in their home country. Furthermore/Moreover/What is more/Secondly, by looking abroad students may find a wider range of courses than those offered in their country’s universities, and therefore one which fits more closely to their particular requirements.

on the other hand, studying abroad has a number of drawbacks. These may be divided into personal and professional. Firstly students have to leave their family and friends for a long period. Furthermore/Moreover/What is more/Secondly studying abroad is almost always more expensive that studying in one’s local university. Finally/Furthermore/Moreover/What is more, students often have to study in a foreign language, which may limit their performance and mean they do not attain their true level.

In my opinion/On the other hand, however, the disadvantages of studying abroad are usually temporary in nature. Students who study abroad generally become proficient in the language quite soon and they are only away from their family and friends for a year or two. Furthermore/What is more, many of the benefits last students all their lives and make them highly desirable to prospective employers.

[WR TASK2] #152 As mass communication and transport continue to grow, societies are becoming more and more alike leading to a phenomenon known as globalization.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

As mass communication and transport continue to grow, societies are becoming more and more alike leading to a phenomenon known as globalization. Some people fear that globalization will inevitably lead to the total loss of cultural identity.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Writing Tip

Don't forget to include examples relevant to your experience. Remember you are not expected to be an expert on the topic. Personal experience counts!

Model answer

Globalization means that in some ways people around the world are becoming more and more similar. We often eat the same food, watch the same TV programmes, listen to the same music and we wear the same clothes. Some of this at least can be blamed on the spread of multinational brands available all over the world.

On the surface, it may appear as if the global diversity of cultural identities is being lost. If, the argument goes, people in Tokyo and London look and dress the same, then that must mean that cultural differences are disappearing. However, I would argue that this is a very narrow definition of culture and that in fact cultural differences are as present as ever.

Cultural Identity is built on far more than just the films we watch or the jeans we wear. The foundation of cultural identity is shared values. When you look in detail at different cultures, you realize that the things that are important to one culture can be very different from the things valued by another culture.

Take my own culture, India, as an example and compare it to a very different culture, Japan. Although I have never visited Japan personally, I believe that it is a culture which places a lot of value on hard work and that people often work very long hours. The Indian people, in contrast, greatly value their leisure time and strive to spend as much time with their family as they possibly can. Even if we consume the same products, I would argue that there are still some very deep-rooted differences.

To summarize, I do not accept that total loss of cultural identity is inevitable, despite the influence of large companies and their products around the globe.

(294 words)

[WR TASK2] #151 In some countries young people have little leisure time and are under a lot of pressure to work hard in their studies.

IELTS Tip: Articles

One of the most common errors is that of article use. Often it is difficult to correct because the rules of article use in English are complex. Most mistakes can be avoided by following a few basic guidelines:

• No article is used to make generalizations with plural count nouns: Bananas are yellow.
• Single countable nouns generally require an article.
  • Use a if you mean one or any: Can we go to a restaurant?
  • Use the if you mean a specific one: I think of you whenever I go to the restaurant where we used to eat.
• Use the with:
  • Ordinals: The first Australian I ever met …
  • Superlatives: The tallest boy in the class …
  • Words such as sole, same, or only: The only animal living on the farm …
  • Adjectives like wealthy, poor, elderly to talk about groups of people: I think the wealthy should pay more taxes.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

In some countries young people have little leisure time and are under a lot of pressure to work hard in their studies.
What do you think are the causes of this?
What solutions can you suggest?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model answer

Some young people find themselves with very little leisure time. I believe there are two main causes of this situation. The first is parental pressure and the second is competition for university places.

Every parent wants to see his or her child do well in school and go on to have a successful career. This means that they exert pressure on their children to spend hours each day studying at home. Some even arrange extra tuition for their children. In my own country, it is not uncommon for young people to spend another three hours at small private schools after their usual day at stale school is over. As a consequence, their leisure time is extremely limited and the pressure on them is considerable.

The second cause is related to the higher education system. Each year, there are many times more applicants to university than there are university places. The result of this is that only those students with very high grades manage to obtain a place. This contributes to the pressure on teenagers since they must work long hours to have any chance of success.

One solution to the problem is for parents to be made aware of the effects of the pressure they put on their children. Schools should inform parents that too much pressure can lead to anxiety, stress and depression. They should be shown ways in which they can help their children lead more balanced lives with a reasonable amount of leisure time.

Another effective measure would be for the government to invest in the creation of more university places. This could be done by expanding existing universities or by building new ones. This would have the effect of easing competition for places giving teenagers some of their precious free lime back.

(296 words)

TOEIC Speaking Unit 12 Part 3

Q4: Do you like to study alone in a quite place or with friends in a public place?


I like to study alone in a quiet place instead of a public place with friends. Because i prefer to quiet place for high concentration.


I prefer to study alone. I usually study at home or in the library alone, because I am tempted to talk when studying in groups.






















Q5: What time of day is it best to study?


personally, morning is the best time to study because i feel refreshed and hig concentration.


The best time for me is late at night. It is quiet and free from any disturbance. I can concentrate on my studying better at night time.






Q6: If you have to deliver a presentation about an unfamiliar topic, explain how to prepare for it.


when i have to deliver a presentation about an unfamiliar topic,
first, i have to search to get information of the topic and then i plan the contents with several sub category.


I will start by studying the topic for a shile first. That can get me started and help me understand the whole presentation. Next, I will write a brief outline that helps me to make a draft. And then I will just focus on making sure the presentation is clear and easy to understand for the listener.

Delay Notice 업무의 중요성

1. 다수의 해외현장에서 발주자 귀책에 의한 공기지연 사건 발생에도 불구하고 적시통지 및 대응실패로, 발주처로부터 계약자 EOT 권한이 거부되는 사례가 다수 발생하고 있습니다.


2. 계약서에 명시된 EOT 가능 지연사건 및 적시 통지 조건에 대한 정확한 인식을 강화하고 실천을 도모하는 것이 성공적인 EOT클레임 추진의 첫걸음이 됩니다.


3. 공기지연 발생시 계약자의 첫 의무사항: 지연 사건 통지(Notice)


발주자 <-----발주처 인지------"Time Delay Notice":추가 risk 해결의 시작-------


delay defined from baseline programme <---------- Delay 영향력 검토 <------------


계약자의 의무-------------발주자 귀책으로 인한 추가 delay, 당초 계약범위 이외 사건의 delay


<------계약자


※ Notice 및 Time Bar 조항 확인이 중요!


==> 발주자가 Project Delay Risk 현안을 적시에 확인하고, 이를 선제적으로 대응할 수 있도록 하는 장치
* Time Bar: 계약조건에 명시된 기간내 적시통지 못할 경우 claim 권한 상실


4. 지연사건 적시통지는 왜 중요한가
계약서에 명시되어 있는 계약자의 주요 의무 사항으로
적시통지 실패시, 계약자의 의무불이행(breach of contract)이며 계약적 청구권한이 상실될 여지가 큼
※EOT클레임은 지연사건 통지 이후 공기연장이 반드시 필요한 경우, 계약적 절차에 의해 별도 시행


==> 지연사건 적시 통지는 성공적인 EOT 클레임 준비의 첫걸음


5. 지연사건 통지 시점은 언제인가
Notice 시점 - 계약서별로 조건이 상이함으로 계약조건에 명시된 통지기한 확인 필수
예시. FIDIC 계약 조항 Clause 20.1 [Contractors Claim]
If the Conctractor considers himself to be entitled to any extension of the Time for Completion and / or any additional payment, --- the Contractor shall give notice to the Employer, describing the event or circumstance giving rise to the claim. The notice shall be given as soon as possible, and not later than 28 days after the Contractor became aware, or should have become aware, of the event or circumstance.


지연사건 인주 후 28일 이내 Delay Notiec => 지연영향 지속시, 인지 후 42일 이내 Interim Claim 제출 및 매월 update => 지연영향 종결 후 28일 이내 최종 claim 제출


6. 지연사건 통지시, 어떤 내용을 담아야 하는가
Cause : 지연사건이 일어난 원인 (발주처 귀책사유, Force Majeure 등)
Effect : 지연 사건이 계약자 공기 (CP상의 준공공기)에 예상되는 지연 일수
Entitlement : 지연사건에 대한 계약자 EOT 클레임의 근거가 되는 계약 조항
Substantiation : EOT 클레임 입증하기 위한 보충자료 (추후 제출 가능)
※ 지연사건 통지 시점에서 지연영향력이 on going일 경우, 영향력이 완료된 이후 추후 통보함을 발주처에 공지


7. 사례
Delay Notice 관련 사례
현장 여건;
발주처와의 협조체계등 현장상황 고려하여 지연사건 적시 통지 불이행
발주자 귀책의 공기지연사건 있었으나 월공정보고, 주간보고서 등 내용 미기재
Update 공정표 등을 통해 발주자 귀책사유로 인한 지연사건의 CP영향력 표시 미비
문제점;
발주자 귀책사유로 인한 공기 지연사건 발생 적시 통지 하지 않았으므로 EOT권한 상실 위험이 있음
계약자 지연이 CP에 해당되어 EOT주장 논리 약화 가능
=> 현장 EOT 대응 전략
지연 사건의 통지는 CONTRACTOR의 계약적 의무 이행을 알리는 완곡한 표현으로 발주처 관계 고려하여 통지 이행
적시통지 실패시, 월간공정보고, 주간보고 MOM 등 기타 발주처 제출 문서로 통지 지속 시행하여 발주처와 내용 공유
지연사건 발생 당시, 계약자의 Mitigation 노력으로 공정개선 가능할 것으로 판단하고 현 상황에서 준공 CP에 영향을 미치는 것을 인지하고 통보함.


8. 현장별 계약조건, 발주처와의 관계, 현장 상황등 상이하므로, EOT 클레임 추진시 전문가와 협의 후 추진한다.
계약조건상 EOT 가능사건 및 통지조건 (Time Bar) 확인 필수

관리기준공정표(계약공정표)관리

1. 공기지연 리스크 관리 측면에서 '관리기준공정표'
양 당사자가 서로 합의하여 계약적 근거를 확보하고 있으며, 사업관리의 기준이 되는 공정표
-> 통상적으로 EOT 클레임 진행 시 발주처로부터 승인받은 관리기준공정표(계약공정표)를 분석기준공정표로 선정하며, 이를 기주으로 계획 대비 실적 비교를 통한 지연분석을 시행함.
따라서, 승인받은 관리기준공정표(계약공정표)가 없을 경우, EOT 클레임 및 공기지연분석에 어려움이 있음.


2. 관리기준공정표(계약공정표)의 정기 실적 업데이트 및 공정보고
관리기준공정표(계약공정표) 승인업무 뿐만 아니라, 승인받은 이후에 정기적인 실적 업데이트와 공정보고 또한 중요한 업무임. EOT 클레임 진행 시에도 발주자와 작업실적과 공사진행 현황에 대하여 정기적으로 공유하였으며, 이러한 실적자료를 근거로 지연의 정의, 영향력 분석을 실시하여야만 분석결과의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있음.


3. 승인된 계약공정표의 변경(Revision)시 유의 사항
공정지연으로 인하여 최초 승인된 계약공정표가 실제 공정진행과 맞지 않아 관리기준으로 활용되기 어려운 경우 발주자의 요구 또는 발주자와 협의하여 계약공정표를 개정할 수 있음.
계약공저표 개정 시 개정시점까지의 실적(공정지연)을 반영하여, 마일스톤 또는 준공일이 지연되었음에도 불구하고, 잔여일정을 조정하여 마일스톤 지연이 없는 것으로 개정되었을 경우 이미 반영된 지연을 시공자의 노력으로 만회하는 것으로 간주되어 EOT 청구권한에 제약이 발생할 수 있음.


4. 사례 I
15년 8월 동남아지역 OO 현장
승인받은 계약공정표가 부재하여 분석기준공정표가 없는 사례/
착공 후 17개월이 지난 시점까지 승인된 계약공정표 없음.(승인지연 원인: 발주자 지적사항 미 반영)
공정표 최초 제출 이후 계속된 수정작업 진행
공정표 확정이 지연될수록 계약자의 의무 불이행으로 EOT클레임 불리해짐.
-> 가장 최근에 제출된 공정표를 분석기준공정표로 설정하고 공기지연 분석 시행/
EOT 클레임 청구시 분석기준공정표의 계약적근거 부족으로 공기지연영향력 분석 결과의 신뢰성 논쟁 심화 조속한 계약공정표 승인 필요


5. 사례 II
16년 4월 중동지역 OO현장, 16년 6월 아프리카지역 OO현장
발주자 지연 반영 불구 후속공정을 강제 조정하여 계약공정표 개정, 승인된 사례/
14년 7월 착공시점에 계약공정표 승인 득, 초기 발주자 귀책의 공정지연 발생으로 15년 6월 계약공정표를 개정제출, 공정표 개정싯점 이전의 지연을 반영하였음에도 불구 준공일 연장없이 제출하여 발주처 승인 득
15년 6월 계약공정표 개정 제출시 단서조건으로 개정이전의 지연사건에 대하여 EOT클레임 권한 있음을 명기함.
※ EOT 청구가 가능한 지연사건으로 인한 공정지연을 반영하였음에도 준공일 지연이 없는 것으로 계약공정표 개정승인을 받을 경우, 계약공정표 개정 이전시점의 지연에 대하여 시공자가 클레임을 포기(Waiver)하는 것으로 간주될 수 있음.
-> 본 사례는 공정표 개정시점 이전 발생 지연사건에 대한 클레임 권한이 있음을 단서조건으로 명기하여 발주처로부터 승인받았으므로, EOT클레임 청구권한을 확보할 수 있었음.


6. 현장에서는 계약공정표 승인 및 변경관리에 대한 현황을 항시 점검해야함.

공기연장(EOT) 가능 기간 산정

1. 성공적인 EOT추진을 위해서는 적시통지 등을 통한 '계약권한' 확보가 중요하며, 계약권한이 있는 지연사건에 따른 손실을 명확하고 논리적으로 입증할 수 있어야 한다.


2. 손실의 입증을 위해서는 계약 조건을 포함한 현장의 제반 EOT 추진 여건을 고려하여 최적의 '공기지연분석' 방법을 선택하는 것이 중요하며, 이를 위해서 공기지연분석 개념을 이해하고 다양한 추진 사례를 참고할 필요가 있다.


3. 공기지연분석 (Delay Analysis)
공기지연의 책임기간 판정을 위해 해당 지연사건이 고이지연에 미친 영향을 산술적으로 계량해 내는 방법으로 아래와 같은 질문에 대한 답을 찾는 과정이라고 할 수 있다.


<구분/ 준비물/결과물/비고>
공사의 당초 계획은 무엇인가?(what was wupposed to happen?)
승인공정표 (accepted programme)
양 당사자의 합의에 기초하여 계약적 근거를 확보하고 있으며, EOT 클레임시 공기지연분석의 기준이 되는 공정표 (공기지연분석 시 가장 기본이 되는 자료(연장기간, 비용보상 결정의 기준))


실제 공사는 어떻게 진행되었나? (what did actually happen?)
실적업데이트공정표 (reported programme updates)
분쟁시점에서 생산된 자료보다 정기적으로 공유한 자료가 더 큰 효력 발휘함
공기지연관련 내용 실시간 공유가 Notice 조항의 핵심 목적


계획과 실적의 차이가 왜 발생하였는가? (what were the variances?)
지연사건의 정의 (delay definition)
지연사건은 계약서 상에 정의된 공기연장 사유로 계획과 실적의 비교를 통해 지연기간 규명 (승인공정표와 실적의 비교/검토)


지연사건이 준공일에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는가? (how did tey affect the project schedule?)
공기지연분석 (delay analysis)
실제 준공일에 지연사건이 미친 영향을 계량화하고 입증


4. EOT 클레임시 공기지연 분석방법의 결정방법
계약서에 공기지연 입증방법이 명시된 경우,
case 1. 계약서 분석방법 중 하나를 지정하여 명시한 경우 (예. time impact analysis 사용)
case 2. 분석방법을 특정하지 않았으나, 공지기연 입증 조건을 포함하는 경우 (예. 실제 지연이 CP에 발생하였음을 입증)


계약서에 분석방법이 명시되지 않은 경우,
- 우선, EOT클레임의 발주처 거절시, 후속 중재/소송 등 분쟁환경 고려하여 객관적으로 TIA활용해 입증하는 방법 추진
- 객관적 분석을 시행해서 당사가 필요한 기간에 대한 권한입증 어려울 경우, 현장여건, 가용지원 및 EOT 필요일수 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 현장에 유리한 전략적인 공기지연분석을 시행 (전문가 의견 필요)
=> 어떠한 경우에도 입증자료의 활용 목적 및 추진환경에 부합되도록 준비하는 것이 중요 (PRM 전략 전문가 지원 요청)


5. 공기지연 분석방법의 종류
<분석방법 / 적용개념 / 특징 및 장단점>
As-planned vs As-built/
계획공정과 실적공정의 단순 비교분석 방법/
CPM공정표 없이 Bar-Chart로 분석 가능
발주자 지연기간을 단순 합산하여 전체 지연기간과 비교하여 결과산정
동시발생지연, 지연만회 노력에 대한 확인 어려움


Impacted As-planned (IAP)/
계획공정에 지연사건을 반영하여 예상되는 영향을 분석하는 방법/
CPM공정표를  활용한 분석방법 중 단순하고 이해하기 쉬운 방법임
지연사건별 분석, 전체 지연 종합분석, 시계열적 분석 가능
계획공정표의 불완전성을 고려하지 못하는 이론적인 분석방법의 한계


Collapsed As-built/
실적공정에서 Critical한 발주자 지연사건을 제거하여 분석하는 방법/
계획공정이 없을 경우에도 분석가능
공사수행 정보에 근거하여 실제 수행 Logic을 포함한 As-built Schedule 작성이 현실적으로 어려움


Time Impact Analysis (TIA)/
지연발생 시점에서의 공기지연의 영향을 분석하는 방법/
현행 공기지연 분석 방법 중 가장 널리 쓰이는 방식으로, 국제 분쟁환경에서 채택율이 가장 높은 방식
지연발생시점의 공정현황을 고려하며, 동시발생지연, 공정만회 등 복잡한 상황에 대한 분석 가능하나, 분석이 복잡하며 비교적 많은 시간이 소요됨.


※ 미국 토목 학회 (ASCE) 논문 발췌
지연분석 방법별 활용빈도 (사례검토 건수) 14건 / 8건 / 10건 / 12건
미국법원 채택지수 (5점 만점) 2.57 / 1.5 / 2.5 / 3.83
Time Impact Analysis 방법이 분쟁환경에서 가장 신뢰받는 방법으로 나타남


6. 사례
<프로젝트/공기지연분석법/추진환경/EOT지원 결과>
카타르 OO 프로젝트/
Time Impact Analysis/
현장에서 IAP 활용 EOT 클레임서류 작성 및 제출
계약상 입증방법 미준수를 근거로 전체 청구내용 '기각'/
기제출 지연사건 대상 Time Impact Analysis 실시
청구권한 부족으로 추가 지연사건 발굴, 보충하여 클레임 보강
=> Engineer 평가 후 부분 EOT 인정, 추후 비용협상 진행


베트남 OO 프로젝트/
Impacted As-planned/
공사 초기 발주처 귀책 지연 발생하였으나 현장 만회
시운전기간 당사 귀책으로 최종 준공지연 발생
발주처의 EOT 의지 있으나 합당한 입증자료 제출 요구/
Time Impact Analysis 수행시 청구권한 입증 불가 확인
발주처 귀책 지연이 계약공정에 미친 영향 입증(IAP), 권한 주장
=> 발주처에서 IAP 결과에 기초한 당사 권한 인정, LD부과 면제


우즈베키스탄 OO 프로젝트/
As-planned vs As-built/
관리기준공정표의 논리적 오류 다수 발견
실적공정표 주기적 Update 미이행, 지연사건의 영향력 광범위하여 특정 작업의 지연 입증 어려움/
공기분석전문가의 직관에 따른 CP를 설정하고, 해당 CP상 발생한 발주처 귀책 지연기간을 입증하여 당사 EOT 권한 주장
CP상에 발생한 다수 발주처 책임 지연의 영향을 보완적으로 활용


7. 현장의 여건, 발주처의 성향 등에 따라 전략적으로 분석방법을 선택하여야 하므로, EOT 추진시 전문가의 역할이 중요하다. 현장의 EOT 선결 조건 및 입증방법 관련 계약 조건 점검은 필수 이다.

[WR TASK2] #150 Scientists and the news media are presenting ever more evidence of climate change.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Scientists and the news media are presenting ever more evidence of climate change. Governments cannot be expected to solve this problem. It is the responsibility of individuals to change their lifestyle to prevent further damage.

What are your views?

You should write at least 250 words.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

IELTS Tip

Always allow time to edit your work, especially in the Writing exam. Noticing and correcting details like punctuation and word order (as well as spelling and grammatical structure) can improve your score dramatically.

Model answer

Recently scientists worried about climate change have urged governments to introduce measures to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that are seen as its main cause. Simultaneously, politicians and environmentalists have urged individuals to make changes to their lifestyle. I shall argue that governments and individuals should take join responsibility for this problem.

Firstly, industry accounts for a large proportion of the greenhouse gas emissions, and this can only be controlled by government action. Measures could be taken to discourage pollution, such as limiting or taxing the use of fossil fuels. Alternatively, subsidies could be offered to industries to clean up their production processes. If these ideas were adopted, I believe that businesses would regard pollution as a financial issue.

Secondly, only discussion between governments can ensure that solutions are successful. The Kyoto agreement, for example, tried to reach global agreement on how to address the problem. Without such co-operating, it seems to me that efforts to reduce fuel consumption are unlikely to be effective.

However, national and international policies will only succeed if individuals also change their lifestyle. For example, people could think more carefully about how they use energy in their homes. By using less electricity, installing energy-efficient light bulbs and electrical appliances, or investing in solar panels, individuals can make a real difference.

In addition, I think individual attitudes to transport need to change. Instead of making short tips by car, people could choose to walk, cycle, or take a bus. Since cars are a major source of the problem, changing our behaviour in this area would have a major impact.

In conclusion, I would maintain that only a combination of international agreement, national policies, and changes in individual behaviour will succeed in preventing further damage to the environment.
(291 words)

[WR TASK2] #149 In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

You should write at least 250 words.

Writing Tip

When you have described the advantages and disadvantages of a situation/argument, you can say which side has the strongest case in your opinion.

Model answer

It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. This trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.

The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.

However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.

My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.

(291 words)

[WR TASK2] #148 Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things that we really do not need.

Vocabulary Tip

Advertising describes the business of persuading people to buy things. Advertisement, and the abbreviations advert and ad, are used to refer to printed, audio of film products that are used to sell something, e.g. I saw a funny advertisement on TV. NOT I saw a funny advertising on TV. Commercial is only used for ads on radio or TV.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people say that advertising encourages us to buy things that we really do not need. Others say that advertisements tell us about new products that may improve our lives.

Which viewpoint do you agree with?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model answer

The purpose of advertising is to tell the consumer about any new product or service or any new promotion on the existing product and service. We need it so we can make good decisions when we go shopping. Advertising tells us when new and improved products become available and lets us know which ones have the best price.

Through advertising we learn about new products. For example, many grocery stores now sell pre-packaged lunches. These are very convenient for busy parents. They can give these lunches to their children to take to school. Busy parents don’t have time to look at every item on the store shelf, so without advertising they might not know about such a convenient new product.

Even products we are familiar with may be improved, and advertising lets us know about this. Most people use cell phones, but new types of cell phone service become available all the time. There are different plans that give you more hours to talk on the phone, you can send text messages and photos, and next week probably some even newer type of service will be available. By watching advertisements on TV it is easy to find out about new improvements to all kinds of products.

Advertisements keep us informed about prices. Prices change all the time, but everyone can look at the ads in the newspaper and see what the latest prices are. Advertisements also inform us about sales. In fact, some people buy the newspaper only in order to check the prices and plan their weekly shopping.

Advertisements improve our lives by keeping us informed about the latest products developments and the best prices. Advertisements serve a useful purpose.

(281 words)

[WR TASK2] #147 Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.

IELTS Tip

In task 2, can I give both positive and negative views or should I stick to only one view?

This depends on the type of question being asked, so you must read it carefully. For example, if the question asks you to ‘Discuss both sides…’ then of course you must give both points of view. It’s also important that your own views are clear. You can express your own point of view in the introduction or the conclusion, or refer to it throughout the answer.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.
Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model answer

As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.

Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.

Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of these factors may justify the huge earnings.

Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.

(251 words)

[WR TASK2] #146 School children are becoming far too dependent on computers. This is having an alarming effect on reading and writing skills.

Write about the following topic:

School children are becoming far too dependent on computers. This is having an alarming effect on reading and writing skills. Teachers need to avoid using computers in the classroom at all costs and go back to teaching basic study skills.

Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

IELTS Tip

For Task 2 you might need to write about the causes and effects of a problem or issue. Use conditional sentences and linking words such as because, so, therefore, as a result (of) to describe causes and effects clearly.

Model answer

Nowadays modern technology has totally changed our approach to study. In many countries students no longer have to copy notes by hand from the blackboard; instead the teacher gives them a photocopy. Rather than messy ink and pen, students present a typed-up copy of their assignments. Their computer even checks their spelling as they go. In fact, some people believe that modern technology does a lot of our thinking for us and, as a result, we are going to lose our ability to think for ourselves.

In my opinion, spelling skills have definitely deteriorated in recent years. So many young people use mobile phones to send text messages where speed and conciseness are more important than spelling or grammar. Some teachers complain that these students take the same attitude toward their assignments.

On the other hand, typed assignments are much easier to read and are much neater. Frankly, I find some notes or texts which are handwritten almost impossible to read. Doctors, for example, have a reputation for illegible handwriting, which could lead to disastrous medical mistakes. Perhaps it is time we focused not on handwriting but on presenting information as accurately as possible.

One advantage of computers is that access to the Internet has opened up a new world of learning for us. We no longer have to wait for a book that has already been borrowed from the library before we do our research. In fact, the Internet can clearly be used to research information in the same way as a library but more conveniently.

On the whole, rather than holding students back, I believe modern technology has actually improved standards of education considerably.

(276 words)

[WR TASK2] #145 Governments should make more effort to promote alternative sources of energy.

Write about the following topic:

Governments should make more effort to promote alternative sources of energy.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

IELTS Writing Tip

You must avoid repeating the exact words of the topic. If you repeat the words, you can gain no marks, since they are not your words. The examiner will simply ignore them. If you paraphrase, you are displaying your language skills.

Model answer

It has been known for some time now that a move towards sources of energy which are not carbon-based is urgently required to stop the effects of global warming. In my view, there are too few governments who seem to be promoting the use of other types of energy such as wind, wave, solar and nuclear sources of energy.

Governments at present are too reliant on coil, oil and gas. Although some governments are doing research into the use of alternative energy sources, many are not. Energy from the wind, the sea and the sun does not pollute the environment and is an everlasting source of power. Nuclear power is clean, and although it is not totally unproblematic, it would provide a large amount of energy and dramatically improve the environment. Countries such as France have made good use of nuclear power.

My feeling is that more use could be made of wind power. In some countries, there has been a reluctance to use wind turbines, even in areas which are not densely populated, as some people believe they are eyesores. Personally, I believe they are not only useful, but beautiful as well. Governments should spend more time and effort promoting the benefits of this source of energy and trying to make the public understand the reason for change.

In conclusion, I believe that, if governments forced everyone to have a wind turbine and solar panels on the building they live in, made more use of wave power and built more nuclear power stations, then they would manage to avert the dangers that are seriously threatening the Earth.

(268 words)

[WR TASK2] #144 Counties such as China, India and Japan have unsustainable population growths.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Counties such as China, India and Japan have unsustainable population growths. In fact many experts are of the opinion that the population ‘explosion’ which is now a very worrying concern, is the most serious threat to life on this planet.

Give some suggestions to address this problem.

Write at least 250 words.

Essay Tip

Manage your time effectively in the Writing exam. For the essay you will have 40 minutes to write, so give yourself time to plan before you begin writing, and try to allow five minutes at the end to read through your work and check for errors.

Model answer

It is true that the population ‘explosion’ which has taken place over the last century, is a very serious problem. One of the main reasons for this unacceptable population growth is a lack of understanding about the environment. Over-population is the major reason for water, soil and air pollution. It is also often the cause of starvation and even wars. Experts have put forward many suggestions to address this problem. The following are just a few of these.

The most important weapon we have to fight population growth is education. This should start at a very early age i.e. before children even go to school. TV cartoons and children’s programs can be used to educate the very young. At high school level, students can be taught about the problem more directly. At university level, scholarships should be made available to students who wish to study further in this field. International exchange groups may also help to increase awareness.

Another important means of controlling population growth is to disadvantage people who have more than one or two children. This can be done, as it is in China, by means of a higher tax. Although it is controversial, persons who come forward to be sterilized could be given a sum of money. It may also be possible to make it advantageous for people to have only one child by giving such couples a special tax deduction.

It should also be possible to make contraception devices free to the public and easily obtainable.

This problem is a very difficult one to address but we should make every effort to do so. There are many other problems which are related to over-population such as increasing crime, illiteracy and pollution. So by addressing one problem we would be addressing the others as well.

(298 words)

[WR TASK2] #143 In a recent survey conducted in this country, it was found that up to 20% of twelve year-olds in some schools were showing early signs of nicotine addiction.

Assessing your essay

When you have finished the essay read it again and ask yourself these questions.

1) Have I answered the question or have I gone away from the topic?
2) Is the essay well structured and clear?
3) Can the reader understand my main points?
4) Are there any spelling, punctuation, vocabulary or grammar mistakes?

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

In a recent survey conducted in this country, it was found that up to 20% of twelve year-olds in some schools were showing early signs of nicotine addiction.
In the eighteen to twenty year age bracket the percentage was as high as 70%. A large contributing factor to this high level of addiction is attributed to the uncensored TV advertising of cigarettes.
For this reason all cigarette advertising should be banned.

Discuss.

Write at least 250 words.

Model answer

The issue of cigarette advertising is an important one, especially in this country where so many young adolescents smoke. One of the main causes of this problem is peer pressure. Another cause is advertising, especially TV advertising. Smoking, as we all know, leads to a number of health problems such as cancer and heart disease. Many people think that cigarette advertising should not be banned since this would limit our free choice in this matter. However there is growing evidence that this serious problem is getting out of control. Let us examine the facts more closely.

The most important reason why cigarette advertising should be banned is that cigarette is bad for our health. Smoking causes lung cancer and heart disease. Many people also suffer from slow and painful death from a disease called emphysema.

Another important reason why cigarette advertising should be banned is that it costs the tax payer money. People who become sick from smoking have to be cared for in expensive hospitals. In addition their deaths often results in financial problem for their families.

Finally cigarette smoking may lead to another problem namely drug addiction. Although there is not conclusive evidence that this often happens, many experts in this area feel that there is a connection between the two.

Perhaps a solution to this problem is the education of young children concerning the dangers of taking up this habit. Also a heavy tax could be placed on cigarettes so that youngsters would not be able to afford them. In any case, it seems beyond any reasonable doubt that cigarette advertising should be banned.

(267 words)

[WR TASK2] #142 Illiteracy has traditionally been viewed as largely a third world problem.

Write about the following topic:

Illiteracy has traditionally been viewed as largely a third world problem.
However it is becoming apparent that in countries such as the USA and Australia, illiteracy is on the increase.

Discuss possible causes for this and its effect on society.

Write at least 250 words.

model answer:

It is true that illiteracy is becoming a serious problem in industrialised nations. This is surprising as most people think that this is a problem only in under-developed nations such as in parts of Africa and India. Illiteracy is related to many other problems such as poverty, over-population and governmental corruption. Let us take a more detailed look at the causes of this growing problem in many Western nations.

One of the most obvious reasons for the increase in illiteracy is the advent of television. Children no longer have to read to obtain information. Neither do they have to read to relax. Today children get home from school and go straight to “the box” to watch their favorite program. Watching television is much easier and more exciting than reading.

Another reason for the increase in illiteracy is the fact that so many women work. This means that children are often alone at home and so they are unsupervised. When parents get home they are often too tired to spend quality time whit their children.

It is also true that many people blame schools for the decline in illiteracy. In many countries there has been a move away from teaching basic skills such as reading and writing.

There are many effects of this growing illiteracy rate. The most obvious is unemployment. This may in turn lead to alcohol and drug abuse. Ultimately the economy of the country begins to suffer and there is a drop in living standards.

To address this problem, parents need to become more aware of their responsibilities and schools need to consider a change in their teaching methods. If this worsening trend is not reversed, the problem of illiteracy will become very serious.

(286 words)

[WR TASK2] #141 Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on your children.

Write about the following topic:

Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on your children.

Do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Essay Tip

It is best to avoid starting a sentence with But, since it is rather informal to do so. However is the most common and the most useful word. It can be used for almost every situation. Note, however, that it is often better to use it in the second position in the sentence.

 

Model answer

I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer every day. This is partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture of a young child, regardless of what they are using the computer for.

However, the main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract children. These are often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather violent. The player is usually the ‘hero’ of the game and too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centred and insensitive to others.

Even when children use a computer for other purposes, such as getting information or emailing friends, it is no substitute for human interaction. Spending time with other children and sharing nonvirtual experiences is an important part of a child's development that cannot be provided by a computer.

In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied. Their adult world will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the Internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today. Therefore it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equipment enthusiastically and with confidence as they will need these skills throughout their studies and working lives.

I think the main point is to make sure that young children do not overuse computers. Parents must ensure that their children learn to enjoy other kinds of activity and not simply sit at home, learning to live in a virtual world.

(273 words)

PE 시험 팁

다만 아쉬운점은 지금 현재 발전업계에서 일을 하고 있는데 발전업계에서는 상대적으로 PE 자격증에 대한 인식이 EPC나 정유업계보다 못합니다. 사람들이 전반적으로 잘 모르고 저와 같이 일하는 외국인들만 알아봐주는 것 같습니다. 어려운 EPC 산업 여건속에서 다른업계로 이직을 고려하시는 분들이라면 시험응시하는 것을 신중하게 생각하시기 바랍니다. PE 등록까지 마무리 하는데 총 소요비용이 약 200만원 정도 들어 간 것 같습니다. FE 40만원 + PE 70만원 + 학력인증 50만원 + 미국 주 등록비용 30~40 만원 + 교재값 까지 하면 어마어마 합니다 ㅜㅜ

미국은 토익과 토플과 같이 잘 만들어놓은 자격증이 꾸준히 돈을 벌어다 주는것을 알고 이런 자격제도를 빠르게 전파하는 것 같네요. 역시 돈버는 스킬 하나는 미국이 짱인거 같습니다.

본론으로 들어가 보겠습니다.

PE 시험 응시등록하기

온라인으로 척척 끝냈던 FE 시험과는 달리 응시자의 학력 및 경력사항이 담긴 제출서류를 한국 기술사회로 우편접수 해야 합니다. 많은 응시자들이 미국 주 등록에 애를 먹고 있는만큼 한국 기술사회에서 미리 필터링을 거친다는 목적인 것 같은데 저는 전혀 필요없는 과정인 것 같습니다!! 한국기술사회에서 전혀 문제없다고 시험 신청을 접수 받아놓고 나중에 미국 주 등록에 문제 생겼을 때는 '나몰라라' 하는 자세에 실망을 했었죠.

이렇게 한국기술사회로부터 오케이를 받았다면 NCEES 홈페이지에서 등록을 하게 됩니다.

우리나라의 시험들과 달리 미국 주 등록은 엄격하니 반드시 아래의 자격에 해당하는지 꼭! 먼저 확인 하셔야 골치아픈일이 발생 하지 않습니다.

1. 대한민국에 거주하고 있는 (국적이 대한민국인 일 필요는 없음) FE시험에 합격되어 있거나 미국 내 EI 또는 EIT자격 보유자, 그리고
2. 학위 취득 후 4년 이상의 점진적인 엔지니어링 실무 경력 소지자

상세한 절차는 아래 링크에서 확인하실 수 있습니다.
http://www.kpea.or.kr/gle/

*응시 등록 전 중요 팁*

미국 주 등록까지 마무리하려는 마음이 있는 응시생들께서는 돈을 지불하고 시험응시 마무리 전에 먼저 NCEES 학력인증을 받아보시는 것을 추천드립니다.

학력인증은 미국외의 국가에서 학사학위 이상을 받은 사람들에 해당하는 과정으로 우리나라 대학을 졸업한 대부분의 응시생들이 반드시 거쳐야 하는 과정입니다. 한국에서 이수한 공학교육 학점을 미국의 공학교육 학점으로 환산하는 과정인데 굉장히 까다롭습니다. 그리고 억울하기도 하죠....왜 정규 과정으로 졸업까지 했는데 또 인증까지 받아야 한다니.

실제로 저를 포함한 많은 응시생들이 이 학력인증을 무사히 통과하지 못해 경력으로 부족한 인증학점을 보충하고 있습니다. 여기서 문제가 발생하죠.

시험에 합격하더라도 학력인증에서 몇 학점이 부족하고 그에따라 추가 몇년의 경력으로 커버를 해야 되는 상황이 발생하는 겁니다. 제가 알기로는 PE 시험 합격의 유효기간이 2년으로 알고 있는데 경력으로 커버해야 하는 부족한 학점이 2년치 이상일 경우 최악의 상황인 재시험을 쳐야하는 상황도 발생 가능합니다.

만약 학점이 부족하게 나왔다면 성실하게 해명해 보시고 그래도 안된다면 경력으로 부족분을 보충해야 하는데, 이 기준역시 미국 주마다 상이합니다. 저는 오레곤으로 등록을 하려고 했었으나 부족한 학점을 경력으로 보충해야 하는 기간이 너무 길어서 오레곤 등록을 포기했습니다ㅜㅜ

따라서, 학점이 부족한 경우-->등록하고자 하는 미국 주에 경력으로 몇년을 추가로 일을 해야 보충이 되는지 확인 --> 그 기간이 지나고 응시
와 같은 전략을 세울 수가 있습니다.

저는 Engineering Sciences and Design에서 학점이 부족하게 나왔고 이를 이메일로 수주간 해명하는 과정을 겪었습니다. 엄청 스트레스를 받았었죠. 특히 수강했던 과목에 대한 내용을 영어로 번역해서 졸업한 학교 과사에서 보내주는데 이 과목에 대한 영어 설명이 제가 봐도 시원찮게 작성되어 보내졌더라구요. 이런경우가 많을것으로 생각됩니다.

또한 특정 대학교에서는 과목에 대한 영어설명을 아예 해주지 않는 학교도 있습니다. 그런경우는 직접 번역사를 찾아가 번역을 맡기고 공증을 받아야 하는 매우 번거로운 과정을 거쳐야 합니다.

이렇듯 시험 공부보다 학력인증과 주 등록이 더 큰 스트레스 이므로 한방에 등록까지 마무리 하려는 응시생은 학력인증을 먼저 해보시는 것을 강력히 추천 드립니다.

PE 시험 교재준비 및 공부

FE 시험 준비방법에 대해서도 말씀드렸지만 저는 제 성격상 미리 준비를 안하고 벼락치기를 하면 심적으로 안정이 안되어 실패하는 스타일입니다. 그래서 11월 초 시험이었는데 7월부터 퇴근 후 스터디 까페에서 3시간 정도를 거의 매일 공부를 했었습니다.
정말 길고도 힘든 시간이었던거 같아요ㅜㅜ 책을 놓은지 5~6년만에 다시 4대역학을 포함한 공학공부를 하는게 재밌기도 하지만 정신적/체력적으로 많이 힘들었습니다.

특히, 신혼임에도 불구하고 주말마다 공부하는 남편때문에 심심하게 집에서 혼자있어야 하는 아내에게도 미안했었습니다.

공부를 시작하려는 분들은 각 과목마다 있는 교재(아마 각 과목 전부 저자는 Lindeburg 일 거에요)를 준비하셔야 하는데 이 교재도 구하기가 힘듭니다. 보통은 아마존에서 직구를 많이 하시고, 공식 출판사인 ppi2pass 에서도 구할 수 있습니다.
http://ppi2pass.com/shop/pe-exam/mechanical-pe-exam

이전직장처럼 시험응시를 장려하는 회사에서는 회사도서관에 책을 구비해놓는 경우도 있습니다. 저는 Mechanical engineering reference manual for the PE exam 을 회사 도서관에서 구할 수 있어서 수월하게 공부를 했습니다.

교재를 보시면 FE 교재와는 달리 예제나 연습문제가 없어 과목이해도를 끌어올리는데 한계가 있습니다.-저는 문제를 통해 개념을 이해하는 편이며 대부분의 응시생도 마찬가지일것 같습니다!-

그래서! NCEES에서 판매하는 모의시험 1회분을 꼭 구입하시거나 주위에서 구하시길 추천드립니다. 실제로 시험문제들을 기억해 보면 오전시간에서 비슷하게 출제되어 많은 도움이 되었던 것 같네요.

모의시험 1회분은 각 선택과목마다 다르며 아래 링크에서 구입할 수 있습니다.
https://account.ncees.org/exam-prep/

다만 국제배송이 안되니 배송대행지를 이용하셔야 합니다. 세금이 발생하지 않는 델라웨어에 위치한 배송대행지로 보내세요!!

매일 조금씩 공부하시고, 모의시험은 두세번 정도 풀어보셔서 문제유형을 완전히 익히셨다면 본 교재를 구입하신 ppi2pass 에서 판매하는 Six-Minute solutions 도 한번 보시는 것을 추천합니다. Six-Minute solution 에서 NCEES의 모의시험 1회와 비슷한 문제만 골라서 풀어보신다면 NCEES의 모의시험에 대한 이해도를 더욱 끌어올릴 수 있을 것 같네요.

*중요 팁*

잘 아시다시피 절대 모든 내용을 공부하려고 하지 마세요!!

저의 경우는 NCEES에서 제공하는 시험범위 및 출제 비율에 따라 공부를 했습니다. 선택하는 과목에 따른 문제 출제 비율은 아래링크에서 확인하실 수 있습니다.
http://ncees.org/engineering/pe/

위 링크에서 Exam specifications and design standards 에서 선택하신 과목에 대한 상세 출제비율을 보시고 학습양을 알맞게 분배하세요.

공부하는 과정에서 얻는 지식도 중요하지만 우리에게 중요한것은 일단 시험을 합격하는 것이니까요!!

또한 모의시험 1회분에 출제된 내용 부분은 더 철저하게 보세요.
어차피 문제는 비슷하게 출제되기 때문에 반복 출제될 가능성도 있다고 봅니다.
제가 시험장에서 느낀바는 모의시험 1회와 Six Minute 과 매우 유사하다고 느꼈습니다.

그리고! British Unit과 SI Unit 에 익숙해 지셔야 합니다. 시험문제는 두 단위체계 모두 문제로 출제되기 때문에 익숙한 SI 만 공부해 가시면 단위변환 하는데 시간을 많이 뺏길 것 같습니다. 헷갈리는 부분도 많이 있구요 특히 중력가속도 g를 gc로 나누는 부분에서 저는 이해하는데 시간이 좀 걸렸네요....

책 두께도 어마어마 하고 영어 원서라 엄두도 나지않을 수 있지만 차근차근 보시다보면 대학다닐때 생각도 나고 역학과 공학에 대해 다시 remind 되는 기분도 들어 그나마 견딜만 할 때도 있습니다. 그러나 팔할이 인내죠 응시생분들 화이팅!

미국 주에 등록

Major Oil 회사들이나 유명한 EPC 회사들 그리고 제작업체는 텍사스주 휴스턴에 많이 위치해 있다는 것을 잘 아실테죠-아직 저는 텍사스에서 일하는 꿈을 조금이나마 가지고 있습니다 ㅎㅎ- 그래서 PE 등록도 텍사스 주에 하면 금상첨화 입니다.

다만, 텍사스주는 토플점수를 요구하고 있어 비싼 토플을 응시해야 하고 워낙 공학관련 일자리가 많고 따라서 구직자도 많아 등록이 까다로울 수 있습니다.

한국 기술사회에서 텍사스주와 MOU를 체결해 등록을 쉽게하겠다는 기사가 2013년인가에 났었는데 또한번 실망스럽게도 확정된것이 없다는 답변을 들었습니다. 게다가 MOU를 실제 업무에 적용한다 해도 PE 등록시 Pre filter해주는 수준에 지나지 않을 것이 명백해 보입니다.

속 답답해지고 싶지 않은분이라면 텍사스주 board와 직접 연락하시는 것을 추천드립니다.

우리나라 응시생들은 오레곤 주로 PE 등록을 많이 해왔고, 저도 처음은 오레곤 주로 등록을 하려고 학력인증 결과를 오레곤으로 송부했습니다
-여기서도 학력인증 미리 하는 것의 중요성이 드러납니다. 학력인증 결과를 보내는 주도 선택을 해야 하고, 만약 선택한 주가 학력인증에 엄격하다면 저처럼 곤란한 상황을 겪을 수도 있는거죠-

당연히 학력인증은 통과하리라 생각했는데 학점부족결과가 떴고 오레곤주에 아무리 해명을 해도 NCEES와 이야기하라는 답변만 돌아오니 답답해 미치겠더라구요.

그런데다가 경력이 추가로 얼마나 더 필요한지는 오레곤 주로 PE 등록 신청을 보내야 알려주겠답니다..... 나참~

학점부족으로 오레곤 주로 등록이 안될것이 뻔한데다가 경력이 몇년 더 필요한지 알아보기 위해 400불에 달하는 오레곤주 등록비용을 추가로 결제해야되나 고민하던 중

켄터키 주 등록은 훨씬 수월하고 합리적이다!!

라는 소문을 듣게 되었습니다. 그래서 황급히 학력인증을 켄터키주로 재발송($60불 추가로 듭니다ㅜㅜ) 했고 켄터키 주의 등록 담당자에게 제 학력인증 결과에 대해 상세한 설명을 이메일로 보냈습니다.

과목 설명이 충분치 않았는데 이 과목은 무슨무슨내용을 배우고, 실습 프로그램으로 무엇을 쓰고 등등 인정받지 못한 과목에 대해 최대한 상세히 기술했더니

그 결과!! 오케이 등록을 해주겠다는 겁니다!!

잠시 켄터키주 등록과 오레곤주 등록을 비교해 보자면

켄터키주는 추천인에게 일괄 전자메일로 응시자의 경력확인 요청을 보냅니다.

오레곤주는 응시자가 추천인에게 일일이 서면 추천을 받아 Sealing 하고 오레곤주 board로 우편 발송을 해야합니다.

또한 오레곤주는 응시자의 등록을 해줄건지 말건지 결정하는 회의를 1년에 4번만 진행합니다. 만약 그 회의 이후에 우편이 도착하면 응시자는 영문도 모른채 3-4개월을 결과통보만 기다리게 되는거죠.

아마 오레곤주에 등록하는 사람이 많아서 배가불러 이런식으로 일처리를 하나 봅니다.

켄터키 주는 이메일로 모든 추천서류와 증빙서류를 보내면 1주일만에 등록이 되고 board에서 검색도 가능하게 해줍니다.

따라서, 미국 특정주에 취업을 하실분이나 텍사스주와 같이 취업할 곳이 많은 주를 꼭 선택하고 싶은분을 제외하고는 켄터키주로 등록하시는 것이 정신건강상 이롭습니다.

또 한번 한국기술사회를 원망하고 싶은것은 위의 모든과정을 제가 직접 오레곤 board와 켄터키 board 그리고 텍사스 board를 통해 알아냈다는 것입니다!!

한국기술사회는 시험수수료만 받고 이런 정보를 전혀 제공하지도 않고 앞으로도 제공할 의지 조차 없습니다. 정말 실망스럽습니다.

그리고 일단 특정 주에 등록이 된다면 추가적으로 다른주에 등록하는것은 $100 미만으로도 가능하며, 추측하건대 추가로 등록하려는 주의 board가 등록여부를 판단할 때, 이미 켄터키에 등록된 PE는 검증이 되었다고 여기지 않을까 생각되네요.

이상 PE 시험준비와 공부 그리고 가장 스트레스를 주는 미국 주 등록까지 생각나는대로 적어보았습니다.

FE 시험 팁

FE시험

등록절차

미국 시험답게 시험의 등록부터 매우 까다롭습니다. 먼저 https;//account.ncees.org/login 에 접속하셔서 회원가입을 합니다. 여기서 주의할 점은 여권 영문이름과 일치되도록 이름을 기입하셔야 나중에 신분증명 할 때 번거로움이 없습니다.

그다음으로 Exams - Register for an exam을 클릭 하셔서 개인 연락처 및 개인 정보를 입력해 줍니다.

마찬가지로 학력사항을 최대한 자세하게 써 두셔야 합니다. -학력사항 작성의 중요성을 절대 간과하지 마세요. 나중에 PE 시험을 마치고 미국의 주에 등록할 때 학력 인증과 경력 증명이 반드시 필요합니다-

모든 작성필요사항이 마무리되면 이제 응시하고자 하는 시험-오늘은 FE 시험에 대해서 포스팅을 하니 Fundamentals of Engineering-을 선택해 줍니다.

FE 시험은 총 7개 과목이 있습니다. 여기서 중요 Point!! 저는 기계항공을 전공해서 당연히 FE Mechanical로 선택해서 공부하고 시험까지 마쳤습니다. 각자의 전공에 맞는 과목을 선택해서 학생때 배운 기억들을 되새겨 보는 것만으로도 이 자격증 신청은 저는 의미 있다고 생각합니다.

그러나, PE 합격 까지 최소한의 노력으로 마무리 하시고 싶은 분들도 있을 것입니다. 그런분들은 FE Other Disciplines로 선택해서 합격하신 후 PE 시험과목 선택할 때 자신의 전공을 선택해서 합격하는 방법도 있습니다. FE Other 는 다른 전공에 비해 출제되는 문제들이 general 하다고 합니다. 이전직장에서 많은분들이 이렇게 FE를 Pass 하시는 것을 보았습니다!

그다음 어디소속으로 응시하는지 선택을 해줍니다. 우리는 한국에서 시험을 칠 터이니 한국시험 주관인 한국기술사회KPEA로 선택하시면 됩니다. 첨언하자면, KPEA는 솔직히 수수료 받을 자격도 없다고 생각합니다. 나중에 많은분들이 느끼실 테지만 PE 합격 후 등록하는 절차에서 한국기술사회가 아는것은 하나도 없으며 질문하면 돌아오는 답변은 미국 NCEES로 문의하라는 말만 되풀이 합니다. 이에 대해서는 PE 시험 포스팅에서 자세히 말씀드려 보도록 하겠습니다.

그다음 한국에서 응시하니 숙소도 필요없다에 체크 해 주시면 되고 결제를 해주시면 NCEES 홈페이지에서의 등록절차는 마무리 되게 됩니다. 혹시나 해서 말씀드리지만, 결제하는창 이전에 나오는 모의고사 구매여부는 아니오에 체크하시면 됩니다. FE Mechanical은 물론이고 지인들의 이야기를 들어보면 대부분 많이 선택하시는 교재에서 나오는 문제들만 풀어보고 응시를 해도 합격이 충분히 가능합니다. 돈을 아껴뒀다 PE시험때 쓰시길 바랍니다.

지금까지의 등록절차는
NCEES 등록 절차 (FE).pdf

에 첨부해 두었습니다. 제가 시험을 친 2015년만 하더라도 FE 시험은 연 4회만 있었는데 오늘 확인해 보니 상시시험으로 언제든 응시할 수 있게 바뀌었네요. 그만큼 응시하는 사람들이 많아지고 있다는 의미인 것 같습니다. 바꿔말하면 자격증의 가치가 점점 떨어진다는 의미겠네요 ㅜㅜ

학습방법 및 경험공유

많은분들이 직장을 다니시면서 FE자격증 공부를 할 것이라고 생각됩니다. 저역시 마찬가지였으니까요. 저는 원래 성격이 뭐든 이벤트가 있으면 넉넉하게 준비하는 편입니다. FE 시험을 3개월 정도 앞두고 퇴근 후 2-3시간씩 공부를 했었습니다. 모두 다 합격하고 난 후 지금와서 드는 생각이지만 FE 시험공부는 적당하게 하셔도 대부분 합격 합니다. PE 시험을 응시하게끔 하는(?) 일종의 유인이 FE 시험이기 때문에 웬만큼 많이 틀리지 않는다면 거의 합격을 하는편이니 부담가지지 마세요! 특히 FE Other를 선택하시는 분들 중에는 시험 전 1-2주 공부하시고 합격하는 분들도 몇몇 보았습니다.

저의 경우, 우선 책 두께에 일단 겁을 먹었고 구매부서에서 일을 해 주위에서 FE나 PE 시험에 관심있어 하시는분이 한명도 없었습니다. 그래서 정보가 제한되어있었고 검색을 해도 잘 나오지 않더라구요. 그래서 지레 겁먹고 꾸준하게 공부를 하게 되었던 것 같습니다. 물론 공부하면서 그동안 잠시 놓았던 4대역학과 공학수학을 remind하게 되는 효과도 있었으니, 열심히 하시면 시험 합격 여부와 상관없이 그 나름대로 의미가 있다고 생각되네요.

특히, 저처럼 시험에 대한 겁을 많이 먹는 분들이 계실텐데 그냥 맘편히 하루에 두시간정도만 공부하세요ㅋㅋㅋ 영어원서를 공부해 나가면 진도도 잘 안나가고 특히 연습문제들은 아시다시피 바로 풀리지가 않습니다. 그렇게되면 사람이 또 쫄게 되지요.....
결론적으로 말씀드리자면, 적당한 공부양은 시험 2개월 전 부터 불가피한 일이 없는 한 매일 2시간 정도 공부하시는 것을 추천 드립니다. 이정도면 합격을 보장할 수 있을 것 같아요.

교재

FE 선택마다 교재도 따로 있는것이 사실입니다. 그러나, 각 전공책을 사서 볼 필요는 없는것 같습니다. 그냥 다들 사시는 FE Review Material만 보시고 응시하셔도 합격에 큰 무리는 없습니다. 다만, 해당책의 예제 혹은 단원이 마치는 부분마다 있는 연습문제들은 꼭 풀어보시면서 이론을 익혀 나가는 것이 좋은 방법인 것 같습니다.

오전시험

오전시험은 공학전반적인 내용을 다룹니다. 시험 출제 내용에 대한 비율은 다음과 같습니다.

수학 15%
확률 7%
화학 9%
컴퓨터 7%
윤리 및 비지니스 응용사례 7%
엔지니어링 경제 8%
정역학 및 동역학 10%
재료의 강도 7%
재료의 성질 7%
유체역학 7%
전자기공학 9%
열역학 7%

상기 내용은 FE Review Manual 3차 버전의 책의 24페이지에 상세하게 나와있습니다. 저는 일단 수학과 역학을 좋아했기때문이기도 하고 위의 데이터를 신뢰해서 수학과 역학 공부로 시작했습니다. 오전 시험은 난이도도 그렇게 어렵지 않기 때문에 최대한 많이 맞추시는 것을 목표로 문제를 많이 푸시는 게 도움이 됩니다.

시험시간은 4시간으로 중간중간 화장실을 다녀올 수 있고 어릴적 썼던 책받침과 수성 싸인펜을 주면서 책받침을 연습장으로 사용하라고 합니다. 단 화장실을 다녀오는 동안도 시간은 카운팅 됩니다.


오후시험

각자가 선택한 선택과목을 치르는 시간입니다. 마찬가지로 4시간이 주어지며 각각의 선택과목에 해당하는 내용을 좀 더 심도있게 다룬 문제들이 출제 됩니다. FE Other를 선택하신 분들은 그냥 Review material만 보시면 되고 선택과목을 정하신 분들 중 불안하신 분들은 각 과목에 맞는 교재가 따로 있으니 그걸로 공부를 하셔도 되는데 추천하지 않습니다. 너무 시간이 많이 소요되기 때문입니다. PE 공부도 하실 계획이 있는 분들이 대부분 일텐데 선택과목 교재까지 원서로 공부를 한다면 금방 지칠것 같네요..

저의 경우 기계과목을 선택했는데 열역학 관련 문제들이 많이 출제가 되었습니다. 특히 에너지 보존을 실제 엔지니어링 사례에 적용하는 문제들이 몇개 있어 푸는데 애를 먹었던 기억이 있습니다. 그래도 기본 Review Material을 공부하시면서 대충 감을 잡을 수 있고 그 감으로 문제를 푸시면 합격하는데 큰 어려움이 없습니다.

오후문제는 이와같이 다소 어려울 수도 있으니 오전문제를 최대한 많이 맞춘다는 전략으로 임하시는 편이 좋습니다. 그리고 오전이라 집중도 잘 됩니다^^

전반적인 팁

총 시험시간이 8시간이지만 오전 오후 시험시간을 유연하게 조정하실 수 있습니다. 아 그렇다고 오전을 두시간 쓰면 오후를 여섯시간 쓸 수 있는 것은 아닙니다. 단축만 가능합니다.

공부를 하실때 위에서 말씀드린 오전시험범위와 오후 선택과목시험범위를 꼭! 참고하세요. 예를들면 FE Mechanical을 선택하신 분들이라면 Review Material에서 생물과 화학을 건너뛰고 공부하시는 전략을 가지시는 것을 추천합니다. 실제 시험에서도 아래와 같은 비율로 출제되고 이 시험범위는 NCEES 홈페이지에서도 확인하실 수 있습니다. 시간없자나요 다들~ 공부할 것 만 집중해서 하자구요!!

중간중간 휴식을 취하면서 집중력 유지해 주시고, 잘 아시는 당분 섭취로 두뇌회전을 돕기 위해 초콜렛이나 포도쥬스를 준비해 가세요!

제 주위는 거의 모두 합격을 한방에 하셨습니다. 부담갖지 마시고 조금씩 매일매일 공부하시다 보면 감이 잡힐테고 그것만으로도 시험 준비는 마무리 하셨다고 보시면 될 것 같네요.